Category: Research

BLANKA BARTÓK

Present study focuses on distribution of low surface solar radiation (overcast situation) and high surface solar radiation (clear sky situation), since, the frequencies of these situations have high impact on the electricity generation. The results show a shift in the distributions projected for the period of 2065-2100 based on 56 high-resolution EURO-CORDEX simulations (RCP8.5). In the northern countries a shift towards lower values is detected. The changes are more accentuated in wintertime, when the low extremes are becoming lower by 16%, the high extremes decrease with 8%. These tendencies are detected in the central part of the continent as well, however, the changes are smaller, -10% in case of low values, and 5% for high values. In the southern part of the continent the shift of distribution has opposite direction. In these countries, the low surface solar radiation values are becoming higher by 4% in summertime; on the other hand, there is no significant change in high extremes (+1%). The shift of extreme values might have serious impact on solar power generation, since it could induce even 20-25 extra days with low radiation in the norther regions, while in the southern regions 15-20 extra days with high radiation are projected.

Keyword: surface solar radiation, EURO-CORDEX simulations, low extremes, high extremes, solar power generation

 

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COSTIN HÂRLAV

Abstract: The analysis of the flow of river water from a certain surface is very important f r determining the multi-year flow regime. In the formation of the regime, an important role is played by the features of the relief of the hydrographic basin, which directly influence the direction of flow and the speed of the water, and indirectly, the climatic elements. The Căliman Mountains are less analysed from this point of view, the relief elements being included in only a few specialized works. In the study, the role of the morphometric elements (altitude, geodeclivity, density and depth of fragmentation, orientation of the slopes) and morphological elements of the relief in the flow process from the highest volcanic massif in Romania located in the central part of the Eastern Carpathians was analysed.

Keyword: Căliman Mountains, relief, factor, water runoff

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ABSTRACT. Over the years numerous geospatial data sets have become accessible to users in the form of various types of digital elevation models (DEMs) at different resolutions. DEMs are often used to study the behavior and hydrological response of watersheds, and so came to be considered as a reflection of their physiographic characteristics. Accurate determination of a catchment’s morphometric parameters plays a crucial role in distributed hydrological modelling and river flow estimation. This study is divided into two parts and objectives; the first part examines the accuracy of DEMs from different sources (EU-DEM, SRTM and LIDAR) in deriving terrain attributes by comparison, and the second one investigates the ability of resampling the 3 m LIDAR DEM to coarser cell resolutions, to accurately represent the extracted hydrological features.  In order to evaluate the quality and precision of SRTM and EU-DEM, the high-resolution 3 m LIDAR DEM was used as a reference data set due to its higher degree of accuracy. Firstly, this data set was resampled to 25 m and 30 m to match the EU-DEM and SRTM cell size, and all of them were re-projected in order to have the same Stereo 70 coordinate system for Romania. A comparison has been carried out between the derived hydrologic and terrain variables of the different DEMs. For the second part of this research, LIDAR DEM was also resampled to 10 m and subsequently, another similar evaluation was made, but this time with regards to different cell resolutions (3 m, 10 m, 25 m and 30 m). Several catchments of various drainage areas (Țibleș, Runc, Sălăuța and Valea Caselor) located in Țibleș and Rodnei Mountains  were chosen as study areas for this research.

Several resampling techniques available in ArcMap were evaluated, and the comparative analyzes were carried out using the R software. Results revealed not only the LiDAR’s superior accuracy as compared to the other data sets, but also the possibilities offered by the latter for deriving the hydrological characteristics of a mountainous area, contingent upon what the user aims to achieve.

Keywords: Digital elevation models, LIDAR, SRTM, EU-DEM, resample, accuracy, morphometry, R, Rstudio, geospatial analysis

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