LES ESPÈCES INTRODUITES ET ENVAHISSANTES AU CANADA : ÉTAT
DES LIEUX DES RISQUES
ET IMPACTS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX ET PROPOSITIONS POUR LEUR GESTION
Thora Martina Herrmann , Alina Aron Costina, M.Costina
ABSTRACT. - Les espèces introduites et envahissantes au canada : état des
lieux des risques et impacts environnementaux et propositions pour leur gestion.
Invasive alien species represent a severe risk to Canada's environment and
economy, disturbing biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, agriculture, economic
activities, and human health and well-being. In 2005, the Government of Canada
started to implement An Invasive Alien Species Strategy for Canada. Firstly,
based on examples of three key invasive animal species in Canada, namely the
European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), the House sparrow (Passer domesticus), and
the Asian Longhorned Beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), this paper characterizes
and analyses the risk and impacts on native species. Secondly, this paper
illustrates and analyses the problems resulting from invasive plant species on
wetland, forest and aquatic ecology and ecosystems by focusing on three key
invasive plant species in Canada, namely the Eurasian water milfoil (Myriophyllum
spicatum), the Common buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula), and the Common reed (Phragmites
australis). The paper then reviews efforts that are underway for controlling
invasive species, and finally it provides propositions for action to better
understand and addressing the invasive plant problem in Canada.
Key-words: invasive alien species; Myriophyllum spicatum; Rhamnus
frangula; Fragmites australis; wetland, aquatic and forest conservation;
competition; biological control; Canada