LE RISQUE DE DÉGRADATION DE LA QUALITÉ DE L’EAU DES LACS DE LA RÉSERVE NATURELLE DE KURTNA (ESTONIE) : LE CAS DE LA TEMPÉRATURE ET DE L’OXYGÈNE DISSOUS
L. TOUCHART, C. MILLOT, V. MALEVAL, T. KOFF, G. KAPANEN, J. TERASMAA, E. VANDEL, M. VAINU, R. NEDJAI, P. BARTOUT, A. AZAROUAL
ABSTRACT. Environmental risk about water quality of lakes in Kurtna landscape reserve (Estonia) by the study of water temperature and dissolved oxygen. The Kurtna reserve (North-Eastern Estonia) includes about forty lakes of hydro-glacial origin, among which the most are kettle hole lakes. Their level and the quality of water are conditioned by aquifers, which are threatened by industrial activities (sand quarry, peat production and oil shale excavation). The paper presents results of a field campaign in March 2013, for measuring water temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity in two ice-covered lakes (Martiska and Nõmme). Martiska is a closed lake. A large (from 0 °C to 4 °C) inverse thermal stratification takes place under the ice. The very thick anoxic layer may be caused by the cumulating effect of the ice barrier and the consumption in a rich in organic matter lake. Nõmme fits in a hydrographical chain with tributaries and an emissary. The inverse thermal stratification is disturbed by a well delimited mid-layer. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity show that it is probably the fluvial water body, which has entered the lake. The hypothesis is confirmed by the study of the river plume. This inflow is rich in dissolved oxygen. We may suggest, that the lakes with an affluent are less threatened by the winter lack of oxygen than the closed lakes of the region.
Key-words: ice-covered lake, water temperature, inverse stratification, dissolved oxygen.